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        1 - Historical and social backgrounds The emergence of practical Sufism in Islamic culture
        Mahmud Ghayoumzadeh
        The origins and sources of Sufism and Islamic mysticism can not be considered independently of the above mentioned factors. Genesis way of mysticism in the early centuries can not be precise, sectarianism In specific terms, it mainly refers to the distinction ideas verb More
        The origins and sources of Sufism and Islamic mysticism can not be considered independently of the above mentioned factors. Genesis way of mysticism in the early centuries can not be precise, sectarianism In specific terms, it mainly refers to the distinction ideas verbal, take into account and thus is more heresiographical journalist also mysticism primary There are no counts of the Islamic sects. However, some of the factors involved in the emergence of verbal sects and jurisprudential classifications have also played a significant role in the emergence of this trend; However, it can not be ignored by historical factors, or at least by the influence of some of the factors. In the present article, we try to point out, among the various factors, the historical appearance of Sufism and mysticism to the most important historical and social factors that have been endorsed by most mystic scholars. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Value Orientated and Resistance Culture in the Modernist Poetry of the Post-Sacred Defense Era from 1991 to 2011
        علی  ترحمی Ali  Eshghi Abolghasem AmirAhmadi
        Although the roots of Resistance literature in Iran return to pre-Islamic era, the contemporary works are not comparable with the previous era in terms of the plurality, quality and the audience attention. The sacred defense poetry is one of the value orientated and res More
        Although the roots of Resistance literature in Iran return to pre-Islamic era, the contemporary works are not comparable with the previous era in terms of the plurality, quality and the audience attention. The sacred defense poetry is one of the value orientated and resistance works produced in this period and afterwards. Therefore, the current paper aims at analyzing the value orientated and resistance culture in the modernist poetry of the post-sacred defense era from 1991 to 2011. Following the conceptual explanation of the research subject, the paper addresses the value orientated and resistance culture in the modernist poetry of the post-sacred defense era. This is a descriptive-analytical paper, given the thematic documents. Data was collected using library sources. The findings indicate that, firstly, the post-war conditions seem to have led the poets to combine templates and poetic themes to promote the value orientation and resistance culture. Secondly, post-war literature should be taken into account as the period of rehabilitation and flourishing of the resistance literature, which manifests itself in the documents of the sacred defense, and can be regarded as the source of inspiration and the motive of resistance and the prevalence of value orientation cultural. Manuscript profile